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This is the result of soil tests made in the Tokyo Metropolitan prefecture. The contamination map show many hotspots of Iodine 131 also called radioiodine, Caesium 134 and Caesium 137. The highest measured hotspot with over 900.000 bq/m2 shown in red on the map is in Chiba Prefecture north of Tokyo.
The Radiation Defense Project doing the investigation https://www.radiationdefense.jp/en/investigation took soil and sand samples around the Tokyo area in June and July. The highest reading was taken July 17. Soil was taken 5cm beneath the surface and the sand 15cm beneath the surface.
You can download the pdf documentation with the data, showing where and when the measurements were made. And how high the reading was. https://doc.radiationdefense.jp/dojyou1_en.pdf
This is the pdf documentation of the map https://doc.radiationdefense.jp/dojyou_map_en.pdf
The measurements are of concern because the amount of people living in the area. The lack of whole body counters makes the situation very hard for people to test their internal radiation levels. There are to date only one (1) whole body counter in Japan. And it can only take some 30 patients a day. With 2 million people living in the Fukushima area alone, and with the wide spread of the hotspots well down in Tokyo. Makes it very difficult to get a grasp of the situation.
Take this into consideration that the public is being exposed to external radiation from their suroundings, together with internal radiation that they accumulate from the air, food and water. Then you start to get an idea about the total amount of radiation. So far the the Japanese are only counting the external radiation exposure and setting the "safe" levels of 20 mSv there after.
We know this from the Chernobyl disaster. During the explosion of Chernobyl, more than 40 different fission products were released. For an appraisal of the consequences, the following four elements are of interest: iodine 131, cesium 137, strontium 90 and plutonium 239.
Iodine 131 has a half-life of only eight days. (Half-life: the time it takes for the number of atoms in a nuclide to be reduced by half through radioactive decay.)
Radioactive iodine is most hazardous to health during the first weeks after the accident. Iodine 131 is stored in the thyroid gland where it can lead to thyroid cancer in a few years and can cause other dysfunctions of the thyroid gland.
(For information in case of inquiry: Iodine 131 is an artificial isotope of iodine. It’s a beta and gamma emitter with 0.2-0.36 and 0.6-0.72 MeV respectively.)
Cesium 137 on the other hand has a half-life of 30 years. It was dispersed in great quantities. Cesium is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is deposited in muscles, testicles, kidneys, liver, bones and blood. Cesium 137 is considered a catalyst for cancer, but can also be the cause of a lot of other diseases. The radiologist Juri Bandascheswki of Belarus, for example, detected high concentrations of Cesium 137 in the myocardial muscle of children who suffered a heart attack.
(For information in case of inquiry: Cesium 137 is a beta and gamma emitter with 0.66 MeV.)
Cesium 137 is absorbed by the human body through the food chain. Cesium stays for decades in the upper levels of the soil, where plants have their roots. Through the plants, the nuclides enter animals which are then consumed by humans.
Forrest soil is especially contaminated because radioactive particles adhere easily to needles, foliage, and roots. That’s why until today, it is recommended to abstain from consuming wild animals, mushrooms and berries from the contaminated regions – which also include the parts of Bavaria which were reached by the radioactive cloud.
But it’s not just the soil which is affected. Many nuclides were washed out of the soil by rain and entered the subterranean aquifers and rivers. Exceedingly high is the contamination of ground silt in stagnant water bodies, which in turn are frequented by the populace for private fishing.
Strontium 90 has a half-life of 28 years. Strontium, like Calcium, enters the human body via plant and animal products and is mainly deposited in teeth and bones. New blood is formed in the bone marrow. Strontium is considered a catalyst of leukemia.
Strontium is much more mobile and soluble in water than Cesium. Directly after the accident, Strontium was found in the ground around Chernobyl. Today, experts assume that 80 percent of the Strontium has already entered the food cycle.
(For information in case of inquiry. Strontium is a beta emitter.)
During the accident, Plutonium 239 was also released. Plutonium 239 has an extremely high half-life of up to 24,000 years.
Scientists are especially concerned about Plutonium transforming to Americium. Americium can reach the deeper soil layers in a very short time. Once there, it represents a hazard for subterranean water reservoirs for centuries. (half-life of Americium: 433 years)
(For information in case of inquiry. Plutonium is an alpha emitter.)
Except for Iodine, all other above mentioned radioactive elements enter the human body through the food chain. The exposure of the people around Chernobyl is therefore different from that of the victims of the atomic bombs attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
In Hiroshima and Nagasaki, people were exposed to high doses within a very short time. In Chernobyl on the other hand, the bulk of people involved have been exposed to low doses of radioactive radiation over a long period of time.
This is now the situation at Fukushima and unlike the Russians who took action and got the disaster under control. Fukushima Daiichi is still leaking radiation into the environment, contaminating land and water. At Fukushima the weather is in charge of where the deadly radiation will collect.
This is the result of soil tests made in the Tokyo Metropolitan prefecture. The contamination map show many hotspots of Iodine 131 also called radioiodine, Caesium 134 and Caesium 137. The highest measured hotspot with over 900.000 bq/m2 shown in red on the map is in Chiba Prefecture north of Tokyo.
The Radiation Defense Project doing the investigation https://www.radiationdefense.jp/en/investigation took soil and sand samples around the Tokyo area in June and July. The highest reading was taken July 17. Soil was taken 5cm beneath the surface and the sand 15cm beneath the surface.
You can download the pdf documentation with the data, showing where and when the measurements were made. And how high the reading was. https://doc.radiationdefense.jp/dojyou1_en.pdf
This is the pdf documentation of the map https://doc.radiationdefense.jp/dojyou_map_en.pdf
The measurements are of concern because the amount of people living in the area. The lack of whole body counters makes the situation very hard for people to test their internal radiation levels. There are to date only one (1) whole body counter in Japan. And it can only take some 30 patients a day. With 2 million people living in the Fukushima area alone, and with the wide spread of the hotspots well down in Tokyo. Makes it very difficult to get a grasp of the situation.
Take this into consideration that the public is being exposed to external radiation from their suroundings, together with internal radiation that they accumulate from the air, food and water. Then you start to get an idea about the total amount of radiation. So far the the Japanese are only counting the external radiation exposure and setting the "safe" levels of 20 mSv there after.
We know this from the Chernobyl disaster. During the explosion of Chernobyl, more than 40 different fission products were released. For an appraisal of the consequences, the following four elements are of interest: iodine 131, cesium 137, strontium 90 and plutonium 239.
Iodine 131 has a half-life of only eight days. (Half-life: the time it takes for the number of atoms in a nuclide to be reduced by half through radioactive decay.)
Radioactive iodine is most hazardous to health during the first weeks after the accident. Iodine 131 is stored in the thyroid gland where it can lead to thyroid cancer in a few years and can cause other dysfunctions of the thyroid gland.
(For information in case of inquiry: Iodine 131 is an artificial isotope of iodine. It’s a beta and gamma emitter with 0.2-0.36 and 0.6-0.72 MeV respectively.)
Cesium 137 on the other hand has a half-life of 30 years. It was dispersed in great quantities. Cesium is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is deposited in muscles, testicles, kidneys, liver, bones and blood. Cesium 137 is considered a catalyst for cancer, but can also be the cause of a lot of other diseases. The radiologist Juri Bandascheswki of Belarus, for example, detected high concentrations of Cesium 137 in the myocardial muscle of children who suffered a heart attack.
(For information in case of inquiry: Cesium 137 is a beta and gamma emitter with 0.66 MeV.)
Cesium 137 is absorbed by the human body through the food chain. Cesium stays for decades in the upper levels of the soil, where plants have their roots. Through the plants, the nuclides enter animals which are then consumed by humans.
Forrest soil is especially contaminated because radioactive particles adhere easily to needles, foliage, and roots. That’s why until today, it is recommended to abstain from consuming wild animals, mushrooms and berries from the contaminated regions – which also include the parts of Bavaria which were reached by the radioactive cloud.
But it’s not just the soil which is affected. Many nuclides were washed out of the soil by rain and entered the subterranean aquifers and rivers. Exceedingly high is the contamination of ground silt in stagnant water bodies, which in turn are frequented by the populace for private fishing.
Strontium 90 has a half-life of 28 years. Strontium, like Calcium, enters the human body via plant and animal products and is mainly deposited in teeth and bones. New blood is formed in the bone marrow. Strontium is considered a catalyst of leukemia.
Strontium is much more mobile and soluble in water than Cesium. Directly after the accident, Strontium was found in the ground around Chernobyl. Today, experts assume that 80 percent of the Strontium has already entered the food cycle.
(For information in case of inquiry. Strontium is a beta emitter.)
During the accident, Plutonium 239 was also released. Plutonium 239 has an extremely high half-life of up to 24,000 years.
Scientists are especially concerned about Plutonium transforming to Americium. Americium can reach the deeper soil layers in a very short time. Once there, it represents a hazard for subterranean water reservoirs for centuries. (half-life of Americium: 433 years)
(For information in case of inquiry. Plutonium is an alpha emitter.)
Except for Iodine, all other above mentioned radioactive elements enter the human body through the food chain. The exposure of the people around Chernobyl is therefore different from that of the victims of the atomic bombs attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
In Hiroshima and Nagasaki, people were exposed to high doses within a very short time. In Chernobyl on the other hand, the bulk of people involved have been exposed to low doses of radioactive radiation over a long period of time.
This is now the situation at Fukushima and unlike the Russians who took action and got the disaster under control. Fukushima Daiichi is still leaking radiation into the environment, contaminating land and water. At Fukushima the weather is in charge of where the deadly radiation will collect.
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